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- Physicist Gersh Itskovich Budker, 1918
- Poet Yannis Ritsos, 1909
- King of the Romans Rudolph I of Habsburg, 1218
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Yiannis Ritsos (Greek: Γιάννης Ρίτσος) (Monemvasia 1 May 1909 - Athens 11 November 1990) was a Greek poet and left wing activist and an active member of the Greek Resistance during World War II.
Born to a well-to-do landowning family in the Monemvasia, Ritsos suffered great losses as a child. The early deaths of his mother and his eldest brother from tuberculosis, the commitment of his father who suffered with mental disease and the economic ruin of losing his family marked Ritsos and affected his poetry. Ritsos, himself, was confined in a sanitarium for tuberculosis from 1927 - 1931.
In 1931, Ritsos joined the Communist Party of Greece (KKE). He maintained a working class circle of friends and published Tractor in 1934, inspired by the futurism of Vladimir Mayakovsky. In 1935, he published Pyramids; these two works sought to achieve a fragile balance between faith in the future, founded on the Communist ideal, and personal despair.
The landmark poem Epitaphios,
published in 1936, broke with the shape of Greek traditional popular
poetry and expressed in clear and simple language a message of the
unity of all people. In August 1936, the right wing dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas came to power and Epitaphios was
burned publicly at the foot of the Acropolis in Athens. Ritsos
responded by taking his work in a different direction: exploring the
conquests of surrealism through access to the domain of dreams,
surprising associations, explosion of images and symbols, lyricism
which shows the anguish of the poet, soft and bitter souvenirs. During
this period Ritsos published The Song of my Sister (1937), Symphony of the Spring (1938). During the Axis occupation of Greece (1941 - 1945) he became a member of the EAM (National Liberation Front). He authored several poems for the Greek Resistance. In 1967 he was arrested by the Papadopoulos dictatorship and sent to a prison camp in Gyaros. Today, Ritsos is one of the four great Greek poets of the twentieth century, together with Kostis Palamas, Giorgos Seferis, and Odysseas Elytis. The French poet Louis Aragon once said that Ritsos was "the greatest poet of our age." He was unsuccessfully proposed nine times for the Nobel Prize for Literature. When he won the Lenin Peace Prize (also known as the Stalin Peace Prize prior to 1956) he declared "this prize it's more important to me than the Nobel". His poetry was banned at times in Greece for its left wing content. Notable works by Ritsos include Tractor (1934), Pyramids (1935), Epitaph (1936), and Vigil (1941 – 1953). Ritsos mainly wrote poems with political content, "serving communism with his art" as modern philologists describe. One of his few works that differ is Moonlight Sonata. Ritsos is also a Golden Wreath Laureate of the Struga Poetry Evenings for 1985.
