Christian Gottlob Gmelin (October 12, 1792 – May 13, 1860) was a German chemist.

Gmelin was professor of chemistry and pharmacy at the University of Tübingen. In 1828 he was one of the first to devise a process for the artificial manufacture of ultramarine. In 1818, Gmelin was the first to observe that lithium salts give a bright red color in flame.

Gmelin was born in Tübingen. He was a grandson of Johann Konrad Gmelin and a great-grandson of Johann Georg Gmelin. He died in Tübingen.