From 1925 to 1933 he served as professor at the Städel Art Institute in Frankfurt am Main. As the President Friedrich Ebert died in 1925, he received from the city of Frankfurt an order for a monument. His larger than life bronze statue of a naked young man in 1926 on the outer wall of the Paulskirche led to violent protests by the Church Board. In 1933 he was dismissed by the Nazis, the monument was dismantled and stored. In 1934 he was reinstated at the Institute. For the 25th Death Anniversary of Friedrich Ebert in 1950, he made ​​a new version of his memorial monument, which still stands at St. Paul's Church.

In 1934, he left Frankfurt and then taught at the College of Fine Arts in Berlin. In 1936 he became a member of the Prussian Academy of Arts. That year, the IG Farben commisisioned another sculpture, the "liberation". It celebrated the occasion of reintegration of Saarland after the referendum of 13 January 1935. Scheibe formed a close friendship with Georg Kolbe, with whom he exhibited several times from 1937 at the Great German Art Exhibition. In 1938 Adolf Hitler bought his sculpture thinker. In the Nazi period he received several honors: In 1937 he became professor, in 1944 he received the Goethe Medal for Art and Science. In the final phase of the Second World War, Hitler placed him in August 1944 in the Gottbegnadeten list of the most important creative artists to the war effort.

Scheibe's memorial to the victims of the 20 July 1944 was inaugurated in 1953 in the presence of the Berlin Mayor Ernst Reuter Bendlerblock in Berlin. He received the Great Cross of Merit and in 1954 the Great Order of Merit. On his 80th Birthday he was honored as a Senator of the Berlin Academy of Arts. After his death in 1964 Richard Scheibe was buried in the Old Protestant Cemetery of Schmargendorf.

His work includes animal and human statues and portraits and is influenced by Auguste Rodin and Aristide Maillol.

Among the students of Scheibe are Edzard Hobbing, Christian Hoepfner, Harald Haacke, Hans Joachim Ihle, Karl - Heinz Krause, Norbert Cricket, Catherine Szelinski - Singer, Helmut Strebel, Waldemar Grzimek, Karl Paul Egon Schiffers and Ivo Beucker.