Theodor H. E. ("The") Svedberg (30 August 1884 – 25 February 1971) was a Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate, active at Uppsala University. His work with colloids supported the theories of Brownian motion put forward by Einstein and the Polish geophysicist Marian Smoluchowski. During this work, he developed the technique of analytical ultra centrifugation, and demonstrated its utility in distinguishing pure proteins one from another.

The unit svedberg (symbol S), a unit of time amounting to 10⁻¹³ s or 100 fs, is named after him.