Gale was born in Portage, Wisconsin, which she often used as a setting in her writing. She attended Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, and later entered the University of Wisconsin – Madison, from which she received a Bachelor of Literature degree in 1895, and four years later a master's degree.

After college, Gale wrote for newspapers in Milwaukee and New York City, for six years. "A visit to Portage in 1903 proved a turning point in her literary life, as seeing the sights and sounds of town life led her to comment that her 'old world was full of new possibilities.' Gale had found the material she needed for her writing, and returned to Portage in 1904 to concentrate full time on fiction." She wrote and published there until her 1938 death, but made trips to New York.

She published her first novel, Romance Island, in 1906, and began the very popular series of "Friendship Village" stories. In 1920, she published the novel Miss Lulu Bett, which depicts life in the Midwestern United States. She adapted it as a play, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921.

"In addition to her fiction writing, Gale was an active supporter of the La Follettes (both Robert M. La Follettes, and Philip La Follette) and progressive causes. She was an active member of the National Women's Party, and she lobbied extensively for the 1921 Wisconsin Equal Rights Law." In the same year, she attended the founding meeting (in New York) of the Lucy Stone League and became a member of its Executive Committee. Her activism on behalf of women was her way to help solve "a problem she returned to repeatedly in her novels: women's frustration at their lack of opportunities."

In 1928 at the age of fifty - four she married William L. Breese, also of Portage.

Gale died of pneumonia in a Chicago hospital in 1938.