Jules Joseph Lefebvre (Tournan - en - Brie, Seine - et - Marne, 14 March 1836 – Paris, 24 February 1911) was a French figure painter.

Lefebvre entered the École nationale supérieure des Beaux - Arts in 1852 and was a pupil of Léon Cogniet. He won the prestigious Prix de Rome in 1861. Between 1855 and 1898, he exhibited 72 portraits in the Paris Salon. In 1891, he became a member of the French Académie des Beaux - Arts.

He was an instructor at the Académie Julian in Paris. Lefebvre is chiefly important as an excellent and sympathetic teacher who numbered many Americans among his 1500 or more pupils. Among his famous students were Fernand Khnopff, Kenyon Cox, Félix Vallotton, Georges Rochegrosse, the Scottish born landscape painter William Hart, and Edmund C. Tarbell, who became an American Impressionist painter. He was long a professor at the École des Beaux - Arts.

Many of his paintings are single figures of beautiful women. Among his best portraits were those of M.L. Reynaud and the Prince Imperial (1874).