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- Mathematician Frank Morley, 1860
- Composer Josef Stránský, 1872
- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire Flavius Honorius Augustus, 384
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Josef (or Joseph) Stransky (September 9, 1872 – March 6, 1936) was a Czech conductor, composer, and art collector / dealer who moved to the United States and conducted the New York Philharmonic from 1911 to 1923.
Born in Humpolec (Bohemia), he worked as a conductor in Prague and Berlin before being selected by the New York Philharmonic to replace Gustav Mahler on Mahler's death in 1911. Some commentators did not see Stransky as a worthy successor to Mahler: the periodical Musical America wrote:
| “ | After much upheaval, search and negotiation, the New York Philharmonic Society ... has engaged Josef Stransky... Without disrespect to Mr. Stransky, there are reasons which cause this circumstance to remind one of Aesop's fable of the mountain in labor which finally brought forth a mouse. | ” |
An article in the New York Times about the appointment began, "The financial backers of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra will be interested to learn that the German artistic world is filled with astonishment over the engagement of Josef Stransky of Berlin as the successor to the late Gustav Mahler.", before going on to allege that Stransky was chosen over other candidates such as Oskar Fried and Bruno Walter because of his low financial demands.
During his tenure with the Phiharmonic, Stransky received praise for his interpretations of Franz Liszt and Richard Strauss by the prominent critic Henry T. Finck of the New York Evening Post. However, Daniel Gregory Mason expressed his dissatisfaction with what he referred to as "the Wagnerian, Lisztian and Tschaikowskian pap ladled out to us by ... Stransky of the Phihamonic Society", and went as far as to call the conductor "a total musical incompetent". In an even more biting critique published in H.L. Mencken's American Mercury Magazine, critic D. W. Sinclair wrote
| “ | Succeeding one of the greatest figures in modern music, the late Gustav Mahler, Stransky maintained himself for so long, not so much by his musical abilities as by his social charm and personal cleverness. | ” |
Mahler scholar Henry - Louis de La Grange has characterized Stransky as a "conscientious but uninspiring" leader, who allowed the high performing levels achieved by Mahler to fall.
From his installation in 1911 until the end of the 1919 - 1920 season, Stransky conducted every single Philharmonic concert. He was elected an honorary member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity, the national fraternity for men in music, in 1917 by the Fraternity's Alpha Chapter at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1921 the Philharmonic merged with the National Symphony, conducted by Willem Mengelberg. For the 1922 - 1923 season, Stransky conducted the first half of the season and Mengelberg the second: it turned out to be his last season at the Philharmonic.
Stransky ultimately left the musical profession to become an art dealer, specializing in Picasso's Rose Period.
He was a partner in the art gallery E. Gimpel & Wildenstein in New York City. The gallery became Wildenstein & Company in 1933.
Before his death, Stransky amassed a private art collection that included more than 50 major impressionist and post - impressionist paintings by Picasso, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Renoir, Monet, Manet, Degas, Cezanne, Matisse, Seurat, Toulouse - Lautrec, Pissarro, Sisley, Delacroix, Ingres, Corot, Courbet, Daumier, Derain, Boudin, Modigliani, Segonzac, Fantin - Latour, Vuillard, Utrillo, Vlaminck, Guys, Laurencin, Rouault, Gromaire, and others. He also owned a large collection of old master paintings, and was a recognized authority on the old masters.
Had this group of works remained intact and in private hands, today it would be one of the most valuable privately held art collections in the world.
Josef Stransky died in New York City in 1936.