Mojżesz Presburger (1904 – 1943) was a Polish Jewish mathematician, logician, and philosopher. He was a student of Alfred Tarski and is known for, among other things, having invented Presburger arithmetic as a student in 1929.

He was born in 1904 and died in a concentration camp.

In 2010, the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science began conferring the annual Presburger Award (named after Mojżesz Presburger) to a young scientist (in exceptional cases to several young scientists) for outstanding contributions in theoretical computer science.