November 30, 2016 <Back to Index>
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Minoru Ōta (大田 実 Ōta Minoru, 7 April 1891 – 13 June 1945) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, and the final commander of the Japanese naval forces defending the Oroku Peninsula during the Battle of Okinawa. Ōta was a native of Nagara, Chiba. He graduated 64th out of 118 cadets from the 41st class of the Imperial Japanese Navy Academy in 1913. Ōta served his midshipman duty on the cruiser Azuma on its long distance training voyage to Honolulu, San Pedro, San Francisco, Vancouver, Victoria, Tacoma, Seattle, Hakodate and Aomori. After his return to Japan, he was assigned to the battleship Kawachi, and after his commissioning as an ensign, to the battleship Fusō. After promotion to lieutenant in 1916, he returned to naval artillery school, but was forced to take a year off active service from November 1917 – September 1918 due to tuberculosis. On his return to active duty, he completed coursework in torpedo school and advanced courses in naval artillery. After brief tours of duty on the battleships Hiei and Fusō, he returned as an instructor at the Naval Engineering College. Ōta also had experience with the Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces (SNLF, the Japanese equivalent of the Royal Marines), having been assigned as battalion commander to Japanese SNLF forces in the 1932 First Shanghai Incident. He was promoted to commander in 1934. In 1936, he was named executive officer of the battleship Yamashiro, and was finally given his first command, that of the oiler Tsurumi in 1937. He was promoted to captain in December the same year. In 1938, with the start of the Second Sino - Japanese War, Ōta was assigned to command the Kure 6th SNLF. In 1941, he was assigned to the command the SNLF under the Japanese China Area Fleet at Wuhan in China. He returned to Japan the following year, and was assigned to command the 2nd Combined Special Naval Landing Force that was earmarked for the seizure of Midway in the event of a Japanese victory over the United States Navy at the Battle of Midway. Although this never came to pass, he was promoted to rear admiral and commanded the 8th Combined Special Naval Landing Force at New Georgia against the American First Raider Battalion. He then served in various administrative capacities until January 1945, when he was reassigned to Okinawa to command the Japanese Navy's forces as part of the Japanese reinforcement effort prior to the anticipated invasion by Allied forces. In Okinawa, Ōta commanded a force with a nominal strength of 10,000 men. However, half were civilian laborers conscripted into service with minimal training, and the remainder were gunners from various naval vessels with little experience in fighting on land. Allied sources are contradictory on his role as commander of the naval elements in Okinawa. Some cite Ōta as able to organize and lead them into an effective force, which fought aggressively against the Allied forces, "withdrawing slowly back to the fortified Oroku Peninsula." But Naval elements, except for outlying islands were headquartered on the Oroku peninsula from the beginning of the battle. Operations Planning Colonel Hiromichi Yahara of the Japanese 32nd Army describes a miscommunication occurring in the order for Ota's Naval elements to withdraw from the Oroku Peninsula to support the army further south. What did happen is clear: Ota began preparations on or around May 24, for the withdrawal of all Naval elements to the south in support of the Army. He destroyed most all heavy equipment, stocks of ammunition and even personal weapons. While in mid march the south Japanese 32rd Army HQ ordered Ota back into the Oroku peninsula citing that a mistake had been made in timing (explanations vary). Naval elements returned to their former positions with no heavy weapons and with about half the troops with no rifles. The Americans, who had not noticed the initial withdrawal attacked and cut off the peninsula by attacks from the north on land, and one last seaborne landing behind the Navy's positions. Naval elements, then committed suicide with whatever weapons possible, with some leading a last charge out of the cave entrances. According to the Japanese museum for the Japanese underground Naval Headquarters in Okinawa, "4000 soldiers committed suicide" inside the command bunker including Ota. On 11 June 1945, the U.S. 6th Marine Division encircled Ōta’s positions, and Ōta sent a farewell telegram to the IJA 32nd Army Headquarters at 16:00 on 12 June (although the Naval Headquarters Museum in Okinawa, posts in a translation that the last telegram was sent at 20:16 hours, on 6 June 1945). On 13 June, Ōta committed seppuku -- ritual suicide for failing to defend Okinawa, Japan. He was posthumously promoted to vice admiral.
Sent
at 20:16 on the 6th of June, 1945: "Please convey the following
telegram to the Vice - Admiral. While the Governor should be the person to
relay this report on the present condition of the Okinawa prefectural
inhabitants, he has no available means of communication and the 32nd
Division Headquarters appears to be thoroughly occupied with their own
correspondences. However, due to the critical situations we are in, I
feel compelled to make this urgent report though it is without the
Governor's consent. Since the enemy attack began, our Army and Navy has
been fighting defensive battles and have not been able to tend to the
people of the Prefecture. Consequently, due to our negligence, these
innocent people have lost their homes and property to enemy assault.
Every man has been conscribed to partake in the defense, while women,
children and elders are forced into hiding in the small underground
shelters which are not tactically important or are exposed to shelling,
air raids or the harsh elements of nature. Moreover, girls have devoted
themselves to nursing and cooking for the soldiers and have gone as far
as to volunteer in carrying ammunition, or join in attacking the enemy. This
leaves the village people vulnerable to enemy attacks where they will
surely be killed. In desperation, some parents have asked the military
to protect their daughters against rape by the enemy, prepared that they
may never see them again. Nurses, with wounded soldiers, wander
aimlessly because the medical team had moved and left them behind. The
military has changed its operation, ordering people to move to far
residential areas, however, those without means of transportation trudge
along on foot in the dark and rain, all the while looking for food to
stay alive. Ever
since our Army and Navy occupied Okinawa, the inhabitants of the
Prefecture have been forced into military service and hard labor, while
sacrificing everything they own as well as the lives of their loved
ones. They have served with loyalty. Now we are nearing the end of the
battle, but they will go unrecognized, unrewarded. Seeing this, I feel
deeply depressed and lament a loss of words for them. Every tree, every
plant life is gone. Even the weeds are burnt. By the end of June, there will be no more food. This is how the Okinawan people have fought the war. And for this reason, I ask that you give the Okinawan people special consideration, this day forward". |