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Charlotte Mary Yonge (11 August 1823 – 24 May 1901), was an English novelist, known for her huge output, now mostly out of print. Charlotte Mary Yonge was born in Otterbourne, Hampshire, England, on 11 August 1823 to William Yonge and Fanny Yonge, née Bargus. She was educated at home by her father, studying Latin, Greek, French, Euclid, and algebra. Her father's lessons could be harsh:
Yonge's devotion to her father was life - long and her relationship with him seems to have been for her the standard for all other relationships, including marriage. His "approbation was throughout life my bliss; his anger my misery for the time." She was born into a religious family background, was devoted to the Church of England, and much influenced by John Keble, Vicar of Hursley from 1835, a near neighbour and one of the leaders of the Oxford Movement. Yonge is herself sometimes referred to as "the novelist of the Oxford Movement", as her novels frequently reflect the values and concerns of Anglo - Catholicism. She remained in Otterbourne all her life and for 71 years was a teacher in the village Sunday school. In
1868 a new parish was formed to the south of Yonge's home village of
Otterbourne; the parish was to contain the villages of Eastley and
Barton. Yonge donated £500 towards the parish church and
was asked to choose which of the two villages the parish should be
named after. She chose Eastley, but decided that it should be spelt Eastleigh as she perceived this as being more modern. She began writing in 1848, and published during her long life about 160 works, chiefly novels. Her first commercial success, The Heir of Redclyffe (1853), provided the funding to enable the schooner Southern Cross to be put into service on behalf of George Selwyn. Similar charitable works were done with the profits from later novels. Yonge was also a founder and editor for forty years of The Monthly Packet,
a magazine (founded in 1851) with a varied readership, but targeted at
British Anglican girls (in later years it was addressed to a somewhat
wider readership). Among the best known of her works are The Heir of Redclyffe, Heartsease, and The Daisy Chain. A Book of Golden Deeds is a collection of true stories of courage and self - sacrifice. She also wrote Cameos from English History, Life of John Coleridge Patteson: Missionary Bishop of the Melanesian Islands and Hannah More. Her History of Christian Names was
described as "the first serious attempt at tackling the subject" and as
the standard work on names in the preface to the first edition of
Withycombe's The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, 1944. Her
personal example and influence on her god - daughter, Alice Mary
Coleridge, played a formative role in Coleridge's zeal for women's
education and thus, indirectly, led to the foundation of Abbots Bromley School for Girls. After her death, her friend, assistant and collaborator, Christabel Coleridge, published the biographical Charlotte Mary Yonge: her Life and Letters (1903). Yonge's work was widely read and respected in the nineteenth century. Among her admirers were Lewis Carroll, George Eliot, William Ewart Gladstone, Charles Kingsley, Christina Rossetti, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and Anthony Trollope. William Morris and Edward Burne - Jones read The Heir of Redclyffe aloud
to each other while undergraduates at Oxford University and "took [the
hero, Guy Morville's] medieval tastes and chivalric ideals as presiding
elements in the formation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood." Yonge's work was compared favourably with that of Jane Austen, Honoré de Balzac, Gustave Flaubert, Trollope, and Emile Zola. So popular were her works that A midshipman was able to supply from memory a missing page in his ship's copy of The Daisy Chain.
An officer in the Guards, asked in a game of "Confessions" what his
prime object in life was, answered that it was to make himself like Guy
Morville, hero of The Heir of Redclyffe. Q.D. Leavis wrote
in 1944 that Yonge's work must be inferior because her life had been
"peculiarly starved," and that her Christian beliefs were "only an
ignorant idealization projected by an inhuman theory" that resulted in a
"moral cramp in the developing consciousness." According
to critic Catherine Sandbach - Dahlström, this "tendency to confuse
the moral quality of Charlotte Yonge's view of life with the quality of
her literary expression has constantly be-deviled her work." Yonge's work has been little studied, with the possible exception of The Heir of Redclyffe. |