Henry Frederick Baker (3 July 1866 – 17 March 1956) was a British mathematician, working mainly in algebraic geometry, but also remembered for contributions to partial differential equations (related to what would become known as solitons), and Lie groups.

He was born in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England. He entered St John's College, Cambridge, in October 1884 and graduated Senior Wrangler in 1887, bracketed with 3 others. He was elected Fellow of St John's in 1888 where he remained for 68 years.

In June ,1898 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1911, he gave the presidential address to the London Mathematical Society. In January 1914 he was appointed Lowndean Professor of Astronomy.